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But there is one thing, Descartes concluded, that he cannot doubt, and the answer is he cannot doubt that he is himself thinking 去书内
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  • 胡卓恺 胡卓恺

    This section centers on Descartes’ breakthrough amid radical doubt: He extended his skepticism to personal sanity (not thinking one is crazy doesn’t prove sanity) and whether he was dreaming. Yet he identified one indubitable truth: he cannot doubt that he is thinking—doubting this act would itself require thinking, making the doubt self-refuting. This "cogito" (I think, therefore I am) became the foundation for his dualism: he argued the mind (a thinking substance) is distinct from the body. The mind’s essence is thought, and it does not depend on physical space or material things—unlike the body, which is always uncertain. Thus, Descartes concluded the soul (mind) is entirely separate from the physical body.

    2025-12-10 喜欢(0) 回复(0)

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