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• 胡卓恺

  This passage unpacks key arguments from Descartes: "Humans are not mere machines" Language is reflexive: humans can choose their speech freely (e.g., replying "Pretty damn good" to "How are you?" instead of a fixed response). Since machines lack this capacity for autonomous choice, Descartes concludes humans are not just machines. Method of doubt & the "evil demon" hypothesis Descartes used radical doubt to question certainty: he doubted the existence of God, his social context, family/friends, and even his own experiences. He proposed the "evil demon" scenario (echoed in The Matrix): a malevolent being might deceive humans into perceiving a false reality. He even doubted his own body—citing madmen who falsely believe they have extra limbs as evidence that bodily perceptions are not fully reliable. These ideas frame Descartes’ quest to find unshakable certainty amid universal doubt.

  2025-12-10 喜欢(0) 回复(0)